On fire roads or any roads in the USFS or BLM lands, your rifle must be chamber-empty although it may be magazine-well loaded. But your handgun must be completely unloaded, locked in a box or the trunk, with a trigger lock as well, and no ammo connected to it in any way, unless you have an LTC for the handgun issued by a sheriff or a police chief somewhere.
On foot in the USFS or BLM lands, you may open-carry loaded any rifle or handgun or shotgun. The exception being the USFS office or any federal building there.
I am not an attorney but I hunt with a friend who is.