You don't have to be a resident for ten years, you just need to list every place you've lived for the past ten years:
(1) the applicant's name, current address, date and
year of birth, place of birth, height, weight, hair color,
eye color, maiden name or any other name the applicant has
used or identified with, and any address where the
applicant resided for more than 30 days within the 10 years
preceding the date of the license application;
From "The Act" as listed on the ISP site:
https://ccl4illinois.com/ccw/Public/AboutTheAct.aspx
If you've lived where you are for ten years, that's one address. When they run the background check, they'll know it.
They just want a "recent" history to make sure you aren't a felon, domestic abuser, etc from another area. If you list an out of state location, they'll check with the agencies in that area.