It's a tough call. Having spent a lot of time in NYC there are millions of pedestrians walking around on a 4X12 mile island during a workday. Somewhere near 8 million on foot. It's packed as tight as a baseball stadium. Hard to vision without actually being there. There is no safe direction and the rules dictate you can't take the shot, even if your life is in danger, unless you have a clear background. It seems everytime police fire they hit innocent bystanders. While we can't have 8 million people packing we also can't deny their second amendment rights. So the courts have tried to meet this in the middle by ruling that refusal to issue a CCW permit is not a violation of the 2nd. This was a fderal court decision, not a NY court. They can stillhave the gun, just can't carry it. However, a permit system is in place and it is possible, but expensive, to obtain a permit. Not much different than many states. Also, huge difference between NYS and NYC. The city has it's own laws so the state law doesn't apply. Elsewhere in the state the permit is relatively easy to get, is good for life and does not restrict people from carrying in bars, restuarants, public transportation, banks, church's, etc. However the state permit is invalid in NYC. A second permit specifically for the city must be obtained.