I would say that it would be a coin toss regarding what the opinions of the LEO, Prosecutor, and judge would be.
Heads: When in Missouri, Missouri law applies and they say your California permit is good and Missouri law has no requirements for specific firearms to be listed on the permit so you would be good to go.
Tails: Your California permit is only considered valid by California for the firearms listed on it. Missouri only recognizes valid permits from other states and if California would consider the permit to be invalid for any firearm not listed on the permit, then that permit is not valid in Missouri for any other firearm either.
Take your pick which way you hope the arresting LEO, prosecutor, and judge would see things.
Link Removed
Unlawful use of weapons--exceptions--penalties.
571.030. 1. A person commits the crime of unlawful use of weapons if he or she knowingly:
(1) Carries concealed upon or about his or her person a knife, a firearm, a blackjack or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use; or
4. Subdivisions (1), (8), and (10) of subsection 1 of this section shall not apply to any person who has a valid concealed carry permit issued pursuant to sections 571.101 to 571.121, a valid concealed carry endorsement issued before August 28, 2013, or a valid permit or endorsement to carry concealed firearms issued by another state or political subdivision of another state.
