I can only share secondhand. Fortunately, my own M1 carbine experience has been entirely limited to fun at the range and loading bench. My old gun show buddy, who got the expense paid tour of the Pacific with the Sixth Marines, said he want ashore on Okinawa with the carbine. A Jap came at him and he nailed him twice in the chest. The Jap kept coming. A nearby Marine nailed the Jap with a Garand. The 30-06 was decisive. Al said, right then and there, he "jammed that d----d carbine muzzle first into the sand, picked up a Garand and bandolier of ammo from a dead Marine, and continued inland."
I've done a bit of handloading for the .30 carbine years ago. I think, with a modern 110 gr. JHP it might compare favorably with a light bullet .357 JHP load. But apparently the small military FMJ wasn't much of a stopper.