Of false Ideas of Utility.
A principal source of errors and injustice are false ideas of utility. For
example: that legislator has false ideas of utility who considers particular
more than general conveniencies, who had rather command the sentiments of
mankind than excite them, and dares say to reason, `Be thou a slave'; who
would sacrifice a thousand real advantages to the fear of an imaginary or
trifling inconvenience; who would deprive men of the use of fire for fear of
their being burnt, and of water for fear of their being drowned; and who
knows of no means of preventing evil but by destroying it.
The laws of this nature are those which forbid to wear arms, disarming those
only who are not disposed to commit the crime which the laws mean to
prevent. Can it be supposed, that those who have the courage to violate the
most sacred laws of humanity, and the most important of the code, will
respect the less considerable and arbitrary injunctions, the violation of
which is so easy, and of so little comparative importance? Does not the
execution of this law deprive the subject of that personal liberty, so dear
to mankind and to the wise legislator? and does it not subject the innocent
to all the disagreeable circumstances that should only fall on the guilty?
It certainly makes the situation of the assaulted worse, and of the
assailants better, and rather encourages than prevents murder, as it
requires less courage to attack unarmed than armed persons.
...Finally, that is a false idea of utility which,
sacrificing things to names, separates the public good from that of
individuals.