It depends.
When a gun gets shot, it gets cleaned. Period. One shot, 500 rounds in a session, it doesn't matter. Carry guns are inspected prior to being holstered and are cleaned as needed (meaning, if it's dirty, then it gets a light cleaning) between range trips. Match guns get cleaned after every match or practice session and detail stripped and scrubbed roughly quarterly. Safe Queens get cleaned once a year. BP guns get cleaned immediately after every time they are shot. BP cartridge match guns get cleaned after every session and detailed stripped and detail cleaned once a month.
On the other hand, there's various levels of 'cleaning', too.
There's 'light cleaning'. A field strip, wipe off the powder residue and a pass or two of a dry patch down the barrel is all I see the need to do if the gun's only been shot a couple times or a carry gun that hasn't been shot recently but is getting grungy.
Then there's field stripped and scrubbed down until spotless and relubed. Every other cleaning, the stocks come off and all the nooks and crevasses get hosed out.
That's 'normal' cleaning.
There's also 'serious' cleaning.
That's full detail stripped (stocks off, action fully disassembled to it's individual components, bolts and slides fully disassembled, ... the only thing I don't routinely pull in this case is buttplates) and everything scrubbed (bronze brushes or tooth brushes, depending on what is appropriate) inside and out, degreased, relubed and reassembled.
BP guns enjoy a long soak in hot water mixed 10:1 with Ballistoil and THEN a scrubbing, drying, cooling and full relubing.
That's quarterly for hard used smokeless match guns, monthly for hard used BP match guns, as needed* or at least annually for everything else.
*'As needed' usually means after every 4th range trip or every 500 rounds, whichever comes first.