Hope this clears things up about breaking in a gun, when a barrel is rifled it is either a button pulled rifling, broach cut or polygonal. All these types do the same thing, and that is to give a bullet a spin, and stabilize the flight
During the process of building the barrel, there are always tooling marks, and open pores inside the barrel.
When a bullet passes through a new barrel, the pores get filled with copper, and the marks that stick out will score the passing bullet.
Breaking in the barrel will close the pores, and eliminate the spurs. You see as the bullet passes, the pores get clogged with copper, but do close up a bit. If you remove the copper, you will close up the pores with each shot, and the spurs will just get "shot off" so to speak. If you do not do this, the pores will exist for years to come, forever scoring the bullet as it passes. This will affect accuracy.
The most common way to break in a barrel is as follows.
First get a good copper solvent, not Hoppes no 9; that is a carbon cleaner. I use Butches bore shine. These are ammonia based cleaners. You will also need a good rod with a brass Jag in the caliber of you rifle.
Now shoot one shot, then push at least 5 copper solvent soaked patches through the bore; one at a time please, just 5 total. Then let it sit for about 2 min. Then start pushing clean patches through until the patches don't have any greenish blue on them; that is the color of dissolved copper.
Repeat this process for the first 20 rounds. Then shoot 3 shot groups and clean the same way for 30 shots. Then shoot 5 shot groups and clean for total of 50 rounds.
Some say that the barrel is broken in after the first 20 rounds, but a very hard steel(one that is cryogenic treated), may need more. This will produce a smooth bore in the hardest of barrels.
I generally will clean after 20 rounds after this.
It may not be needed for the average hunter who shoots a Deer in the vitals, but for a military/police sniper, it is essential. The tooling marks can score a bullet so much that it makes a 2 inch group at 100 meters as opposed to .5 inch at 100 meters. In the police sniper game, not missing is as important as hitting the target.
I own 2 precision .308 rifles. One is an auto AR10-T, and the other is a 700 built custom. My best group with the bolt is 3.25 inch in the bull 5 shot group at 500 meters using Black Hills 175 grain match .308. If the barrel was not broken in properly, this would not be possible.
Hope this explains what you asked.